중소수출기업의 물류공동화 모델에 관한 실증적연구

Abstract

Higher transport cost and logistics cost are very important cost factors which have significant influence on the global commerce itself. Korean corporations engaging in international trade have been burdened with higher logistics cost, which is the reason for weakening national competitiveness. Small-and medium-sized shippers(SMEs) not only have difficulty in controlling their logistics flow but also are disadvantaged from small quantity of each contract as well. Therefore it is required to take a measure to reduce logistics cost. To achieve the purpose, scale merit, a benefit derived from enormous quantity, can be an effective substitute for cost reduction and efficiency of logistics flow. The model of joint logistics is an innovative solution to reform logistics system through maximizing logistics resources as well as minimizing external diseconomies.

However, the majority of SMEs lack understanding in the concept of reducing logistics cost through a collaborating collection of cargoes. In addition, not only they are deficient in recognizing the importance of logistics competitiveness, which leads to export competitiveness, but also there are not enough examples for joint logistics. Therefore, academic and practical research is required to review success and failure cases of joint logistics. To join the ranks of advanced economies, Korea needs to strengthen competitiveness of SMEs, which are rather adverse to conglomerates. Also, it is required that the Korean government needs to adopt rationalization of SMEs logistics system as a national policy.

After the implementation of 1984 US Shipping Act, the Shippers Association (SA), a type of joint logistics, has been founded to intensify the negotiation ability of SMEs in the US. In Korea, the Korean Shippers' Council, an affiliate of the Korea International Trade Association, has introduced RADIS (Rate Discount & Premium Service) as a direct membership service as well as a joint logistics model on the year 2000. SMEs has advantage of cost reduction, improving service using RADIS which collects large sized cargos with each small cargo.

In this dissertation, the actual operating condition of RADIS and performances of the system have been analyzed practically. Reference to sundry records and a questionnaire survey have been conducted for the study. Six years (2000~2005) have been the period for this study and 105 shippers including the electric and electronic industries as well as the fabric, chemical, steel and machinery industries, answered the survey effectively and have been used for this study.

The study model was constructed to evaluate RADIS performance derived from the above survey result. The 14 study hypothesis was deduced from previous study cases on the degree of practical use, service contents, factor and result on the joint logistics. ANOVA and multiple regression for statistical analysis were used to verify the result of this study. As a result of 14 hypothesis tests, 10 hypotheses were supported and the others were rejected

The result of hypothesis tests through empirical analysis methods can be summarized as follows:

First, the value of export and import and the brand recognition turned out to have close relation with the degree of RADIS utilization. Second, the degree of RADIS utilization also has significant influence on the degree of RADIS satisfaction. It means that RADIS members can achieve higher business performance in the case of successful and continuous alliance and partnership relation with RADIS. In addition to this, it is required for RADIS to carry out active joint logistics projects such as establishment of a joint distribution center to meet the needs of SMEs. Third, various services provided by RADIS turned out to be closely related to the logistics cost reduction effect. Among them, sea and air transportation service is the most cost effective solution. On the other hand, package, small parcel quick delivery and other miscellaneous services have weak relationship with cost reduction effect. Fourth, the quality and quantity of service provided by RADIS partners have significant influence on the degree of shippers' satisfaction with RADIS. It has an important implication for the service providers in the direction towards the role of 3PL (third party logistics) and 4PL (fourth party logistics) in order to provide one-stop logistics service to support their customers.

Further in-depth study on a practical and academical basis is needed to support and develop the domestic joint logistics field in the early stage compared with advanced countries. Also legal, administrative and financial measures should be reviewed to enhance the competitiveness of weakening SMEs. Integrated logistics network among supply chain channel should also be established for the effective interface and exchange of information and data for close cooperation.

In consequence, this study has drawn the important finding that RADIS is a practical and necessary model for inducing SMEs to promote joint logistics under the domestics business transaction. This model should be promoted and developed for the benefit of SMEs in order to achieve the key national industry policy goal of supporting and cultivating small and medium business industry.